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		<title>In ambito medico, DeepSeek o Chat-GPT?</title>
		<link>https://www.pams.training/in-ambito-medico-deepseek-o-chat-gpt/</link>
					<comments>https://www.pams.training/in-ambito-medico-deepseek-o-chat-gpt/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[admin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 29 Jan 2025 16:03:08 +0000</pubDate>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>Può essere vantaggioso in ambito medico sanitario? Parte 1. Il termine DeepSeek nasce dalla fusione dei concetti di “Deep” (profondo) e “Seek” (cercare), elementi che evidenziano la natura esplorativa e analitica di questa intelligenza artificiale. L’obiettivo principale di DeepSeek è quello di fornire risposte approfondite, superando i limiti di modelli generalisti per focalizzarsi su un approccio rigoroso [&#8230;]</p>
<p>L'articolo <a href="https://www.pams.training/in-ambito-medico-deepseek-o-chat-gpt/">In ambito medico, DeepSeek o Chat-GPT?</a> proviene da <a href="https://www.pams.training">Physical Agents Modalities Trainings</a>.</p>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Può essere vantaggioso in ambito medico sanitario? Parte 1.</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Il termine <a href="https://chat.deepseek.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">DeepSeek</a> nasce dalla fusione dei concetti di “Deep” (profondo) e “Seek” (cercare), elementi che evidenziano la natura esplorativa e analitica di questa intelligenza artificiale. L’obiettivo principale di DeepSeek è quello di fornire risposte approfondite, superando i limiti di modelli generalisti per focalizzarsi su un approccio rigoroso e mirato alla risoluzione di problemi. Questo tipo di IA è stato concepito per rispondere a esigenze specifiche del panorama tecnologico attuale, con particolare attenzione all’ottimizzazione di codice, gestione di dati complessi e analisi scientifiche. Inoltre, la capacità di bilanciare velocità ed efficacia la rende uno strumento fondamentale per gli utenti che necessitano di soluzioni precise e veloci.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Come nasce questo articolo</h3>				</div>
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									<p>Sin dall&#8217;inizio sfrutto modelli <strong>AI</strong> basati LLM per eseguire ricerche, estrapolare velocemente informazioni da articoli, porre domande specifiche su patologie o riassumere stati dell&#8217;arte medica. Ho svolto on line corsi di &#8220;Prompt Engineering&#8221; al fine ottimizzare al meglio le &#8220;richieste&#8221; ai moderni chatbot (<i>i Prompt, sono in pratica le richieste, le istruzioni, che voi inserite nella chat AI</i>). Di recente lavoro molto con Chat-GPT o4 a pagamento, grazie al quale ho scritto questo stesso articolo e riassunto i contenuti delle chat che ho sostenuto con DeepSeek: ho praticamente intervistato il Chat-Bot, poi ho fornito le chat a Chat-GPT per organizzarne i contenuti. Sempre aperto e curioso ad ogni novità, ho voluto subito capire potenzialità e limitazioni di questo strumento in ambito medico sanitario.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Le Capacità di DeepSeek</h2>				</div>
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									<p>DeepSeek si distingue per un ventaglio di funzionalità:</p><ul><li><b>Risoluzione di problemi complessi</b>: Eccelle nell’analisi multi-step, facilitando la gestione di <b>richieste articolate</b> che richiedono scomposizione logica e valutazione.</li><li><b>Elaborazione e analisi di dati</b>: Estrae insight rilevanti da grandi set di dati, consentendo agli utenti di ottenere risposte chiare e utili in tempi ridotti.</li><li><b>Generazione e ottimizzazione di codice</b>: Supporta linguaggi di programmazione come Python, JavaScript, SQL e molti altri, fornendo soluzioni ottimizzate e personalizzate per gli sviluppatori.</li><li><b>Traduzioni e supporto multilingue</b>: Garantisce traduzioni precise con un’attenzione particolare alla contestualizzazione culturale, specialmente per il <b>cinese e l’inglese.</b></li><li><b>Analisi di documenti</b>: Identifica i <b>punti chiave di articoli e report</b>, agevolando l’accesso rapido alle informazioni più rilevanti.</li><li><b>Supporto tecnico</b>: Risponde a dubbi su software, dispositivi e tecnologie, offrendo un supporto pratico e immediato.</li></ul><div> </div><p>Anche DeepSeek permette di <b>analizzare in maniera efficace file PDF</b>, anche complessi come l&#8217; estrazione del testo<strong>,</strong> riassunto e sintesi di punti chiave. Pare non ci siamo limiti su grandi file, ma suggerisce di lavorare con documenti di dimensioni ragionevoli per garantire efficienza e velocità. In generale, se dovete lavorare velocemente con documenti PDF, meglio partire da <a href="https://notebooklm.google.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">NotebookLM</a>, a mio avviso insostituibile.</p><p>Come Chat-GPT è in grado di generare tabelle, linee di codice, esportare questi in formato pdf, Word ed Excel.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">La funzione "DeepThink"</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Questa funzione è sicuramente l&#8217;elemento distintivo di DeepSeek, pensato per fornire risposte strutturate e dettagliate. Ideale per chi necessita di approfondimenti accurati, questo strumento è stato progettato per affrontare quesiti complessi in modo sistematico, rendendolo unico tramite una caratteristica che in seguito vedremo. In pratica scriviamo il prompt, attiviamo la funzione ,ed ecco che la modalità DeepThink:</p>
<ol style="margin-top:0cm" start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal">Divide la richiesta in sotto-domande per identificarne le componenti fondamentali.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal">Accede a un database esteso per reperire informazioni rilevanti e dettagliate.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal">Organizza le risposte in modo logico e coerente, garantendo una struttura chiara.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal">Traduce il contenuto nella lingua richiesta, rispettando le sfumature linguistiche<br>     e culturali.</li>
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									<ol><li><strong>Da utilizzare quando</strong>:<ul><li>Si necessita di analisi approfondite, come valutazioni di opzioni o decisioni strategiche.</li><li>Si lavora con documenti lunghi o complessi che richiedono sintesi e organizzazione.</li><li>Serve una risposta strutturata e precisa per progetti accademici o professionali.</li></ul></li></ol>								</div>
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									<ol style="margin-top: 0cm;" start="1" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal"><b>Non utilizzare se</b>:<ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal">La richiesta richiede una risposta breve e immediata.</li><li class="MsoNormal">La priorità è la rapidità piuttosto che la profondità dell’analisi.</li></ul></li></ol>								</div>
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									<p>Prima della risposta salterà ai nostri occhi <strong>un testo in grigio chiaro, </strong>ed è uno degli aspetti caratteristici di DeepThink . Questo elemento rappresenta una sorta di processo trasparente di ragionamento, mostrando come il suo &#8220;cervello&#8221; elabora i dati. In pratica offre:</p><ul><li><strong>Chiarezza metodologica</strong>: Permette di comprendere come l’IA struttura la risposta.</li><li><strong>Strumento didattico</strong>: Utile per studenti e professionisti, consente di apprendere strategie di analisi e problem-solving avanzate</li><li><strong>Debug</strong>: se la risposta non si avvicina alle vostre esigenze, è qui che potrete vedere dove non funziona il suo &#8220;<b>stream of consciousness</b>&#8221; e di conseguenza intervenire con un prompt più mirato o corretto..</li></ul>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Database e addestramento di DeepSeek</h2>				</div>
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		</section>
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									<p>L’addestramto di DeepSeek si basa su un ampio spettro di fonti, con un cut-off del database a Luglio 2023:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Dati generici</strong>: Include libri, articoli accademici, pagine web e contenuti open-source, fornendo una base di conoscenze ampia e diversificata.</li>
<li><strong>Dati specializzati</strong>: Database come PubMed e repository di codice (es. GitHub) per garantire competenze specifiche in ambiti tecnici e scientifici.</li>
<li><strong>Dati conversazionali</strong>: Dialoghi simulati e interazioni online per migliorare le capacità di comunicazione e interazione.</li>
<li><strong>Filtri di qualità</strong>: Applicazione di processi di deduplicazione e rimozione di contenuti inappropriati, assicurando risposte affidabili e eticamente corrette</li>
</ul>								</div>
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									<p>Stando a DeepSeek stesso il suo <strong>addestramento Medico</strong> è basato su:</p><ul><li><strong>Fonti internazionali</strong>: Pubblicazioni come The Lancet, NEJM e linee guida dell’OMS, per garantire accuratezza e rilevanza scientifica.</li><li><strong>Fonti asiatiche</strong>: Documenti sulla medicina tradizionale cinese (MTC) e riviste locali, offrendo un approccio bilanciato tra medicina moderna e <strong>tradizionale.</strong> Proverò in futuro a vedere quanto veramente bilanciato.</li><li><strong>Prospettiva globale</strong>: L’integrazione di fonti occidentali e asiatiche consente di ottenere una visione olistica, particolarmente utile per contesti multiculturali</li></ul>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">L'imprinting asiatico</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Essendo stato sviluppato da un team cinese, sotto anche una sorta silenzioso supporto del Governo, DeepSeek riflette chiaramente un’impronta culturale asiatica.</p>								</div>
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									<ul><li><strong>Ottimizzazione linguistica</strong>: Eccelle nella gestione della lingua cinese, rispondendo con precisione a quesiti legati a cultura, tradizioni e normative locali. Eccellente per traduzioni Cinese-Inglese e viceversa.</li><li><strong>Focalizzazione regionale</strong>: Particolarmente adatto per chi opera in contesti asiatici, grazie a un database mirato su regolamentazioni e pratiche regionali</li><li><strong>Censura</strong>: parlare di storia moderna cinese o politica cinese con questo modello, darà risultati in linea con il Governo di Pechino.</li></ul>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Differenze cardine tra Chat-GPT e DeepSeek</h2>				</div>
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									<ul><li><strong>Specializzazione vs generalismo</strong>: DeepSeek è orientato a task tecnici e analitici, mentre GPT eccelle nella creatività e nella generazione di contenuti ampi e fluidi.</li><li><strong>Ottimizzazione culturale</strong>: DeepSeek è più focalizzato sul contesto asiatico, mentre GPT offre una visione più globale e diversificata.</li><li><strong>Efficienza tecnica</strong>: DeepSeek è progettato per garantire risultati rapidi e mirati in ambiti specifici, differenziandosi dalla versatilità generalista di GPT.</li></ul>								</div>
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									<p>Qui forse uno dei motivi chiave per cui DeepSeek è più efficiente di GPT: non si perde in chiacchere. Non si sofferma a curare stile linguistico, un eventuale pubblico, scopo del testo&#8230; fornisce innanzitutto risposte. Ma se volete, a detta sua, una Poesia ve la scrive pure.</p>								</div>
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									<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<td>
<p><strong>Caratteristiche</strong></p>
</td>
<td>
<p><b>DeepSeek</b></p>
</td>
<td>
<p><strong>GPT</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p><strong>Utilizzo principale</strong></p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Analisi di dati, sviluppo software, task tecnici e strutturati</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Generazione di contenuti creativi, conversazioni aperte</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><strong>Punti di forza</strong></p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Precisione tecnica, logica strutturata</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Flessibilità tematica, fluidità narrativa</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><strong>Contesto ottimale</strong></p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Progetti accademici e professionali, dove è richiesta accuratezza</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Progetti creativi o brainstorming, dove l&#8217;immaginazione è fondamentale</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><strong>Ottimizzazione culturale</strong></p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Maggiore enfasi sul contesto asiatico e cinese</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Approccio più generalista con una visione globale</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><strong>Velocità vs Creatività</strong></p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Favorisce rapidità e precisione nel problem-solving</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Privilegia l&#8217;esplorazione e la creatività narrativa</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><strong>Esempi di utilizzo</strong></p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Generazione di codice, analisi strutturata di documenti</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Scrittura di racconti, dialoghi, testi di marketing</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>								</div>
				</div>
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		</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Conclusioni Preliminari</h2>				</div>
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									<p>In campo medico sanitario la capacità di sintesi di questo strumento potrebbe dare grossi benefici, a confronto della ripetitività ed eccessiva cautela da parte di Chat-GPT nell&#8217;affrontare argomenti medici. La memoria a breve termine limitata di DeepSeek, contestualizzazione asiatica di database e modelli culturali/linguistici, potrebbero influenzare ricerche o analisi di contenuti. Allo stesso tempo la sua velocità di risposta e un database aggiornato a luglio 2024, potrebbero in certi ambiti essere dei punti di forza. Cosa da non poco, al momento DeepSeek è GRATUITO. A breve proverò a testare, a parità di prompt, le risposte dei due modelli a contesti di ricerca articoli, comprensione di studi, riassunti su patologie, anamnesi. I risultati saranno pubblicati in un altro articolo non appena il sito di DeepSeek sarà di nuovo utilizzabile, libero da traffico ed attacchi. Al momento la caratteristica che più mi ha lasciato più soddisfatto è la possibilità di visionare il suo &#8220;flusso di coscienza&#8221; attivando il DeepThink, davvero illuminante se vogliamo capire le risposte ottenute e scrivere prompt più performanti.</p>								</div>
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									<table><thead><tr><td><p>DeepSeek in numeri</p></td><td> </td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><p><b>Aspetto</b></p></td><td><p><strong>Dettaglio</strong></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><strong>Data di nascita</strong></p></td><td><p>Rilasciato nel 2023 (Cina), aggiornamenti database fino al 2024.</p></td></tr><tr><td><p><strong>Parametri del modello</strong></p></td><td><p>10-100+ miliardi di parametri (a seconda della versione).</p></td></tr><tr><td><p><strong>Finestra di contesto</strong></p></td><td><p>Fino a 32k token (estendibili a 128k in versioni sperimentali).</p></td></tr><tr><td><p><strong>Dati di addestramento</strong></p></td><td><p>8+ trilioni di token, 200+ lingue, focus su cinese/inglese.</p></td></tr><tr><td><p><strong>Database conoscenza</strong></p></td><td><p>Centinaia di terabyte, aggiornato a luglio 2023.</p></td></tr><tr><td><p><strong>Velocità di risposta</strong></p></td><td><p>20-30 token/secondo, risposte in &lt;2 secondi.</p></td></tr><tr><td><p><strong>Memoria a breve termine</strong></p></td><td><p><b>Mantiene il contesto per ~30 minuti o 10-15 interazioni.</b></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><strong>Lingue supportate</strong></p></td><td><p>Eccelle in cinese e inglese; 50+ lingue con capacità minori.</p></td></tr><tr><td><p><strong>Accuratezza (MMLU)</strong></p></td><td><p>Oltre l&#8217;85% in comprensione del testo.</p></td></tr><tr><td><p><strong>Consumo energetico</strong></p></td><td><p>~0.001-0.003 kWh/query (come 10-30 secondi di una lampadina LED).</p></td></tr><tr><td><p><strong>Hardware di addestramento</strong></p></td><td><p>Cluster con migliaia di GPU NVIDIA A100/H100.</p></td></tr><tr><td><p><strong>Dimensioni del modello</strong></p></td><td><p>~20 GB per una versione da 10B parametri (float16/int8). Centinaia di terabyte per il modello esteso da 100+MLRD di parametri.</p></td></tr><tr><td><p><strong>Note</strong></p></td><td><p><b>Nessuna memoria persistente: ogni conversazione è isolata per garantire privacy.</b></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><strong>Errori comuni</strong></p></td><td><p>Imprecisioni in calcoli complessi o eventi post-luglio 2024.</p></td></tr></tbody></table>								</div>
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		<p>L'articolo <a href="https://www.pams.training/in-ambito-medico-deepseek-o-chat-gpt/">In ambito medico, DeepSeek o Chat-GPT?</a> proviene da <a href="https://www.pams.training">Physical Agents Modalities Trainings</a>.</p>
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		<title>Are bullets and pellets safe with physical agents?</title>
		<link>https://www.pams.training/bullets-pellets-contraindications/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[admin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 05 Dec 2022 17:50:28 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Safe or not]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bullet]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[contraindications]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[FMJ]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[handgun]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lead]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[magnetic field]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[magnetotherapy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[pellets]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rifle]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[shotgun]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[shots]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[war]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.pams.training/?p=1259</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Are bullets and pellets contraindications for magnetotherapy? And other physical mediums? Let's give a look at this peculiar field.c</p>
<p>L'articolo <a href="https://www.pams.training/bullets-pellets-contraindications/">Are bullets and pellets safe with physical agents?</a> proviene da <a href="https://www.pams.training">Physical Agents Modalities Trainings</a>.</p>
]]></description>
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									<p>This Monday started great, as advisor and physical agents specialist I have received this requestM</p>								</div>
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															<img decoding="async" width="606" height="368" src="https://www.pams.training/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Screenshot_20221205_123046.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-1261" alt="request about pellets" srcset="https://www.pams.training/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Screenshot_20221205_123046.png 606w, https://www.pams.training/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Screenshot_20221205_123046-300x182.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 606px) 100vw, 606px" />															</div>
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									<p><span style="color: #0e172d;">&#8220;</span><i style="color: #0e172d;">wants to do Magnetotherapy but the patient shot with a shotgun and bullets still in tissue. Can he use magneto therapy or not?&#8221;</i></p>								</div>
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									<p>The patient obviously isn&#8217;t a man, is a dog. Pretty sure this is a classical &#8220;hunting injury&#8221;, where unfortunately the dog got hit.</p><p>My first think was pretty clear but as usual, I&#8217;ve stopped to think for 10 sec, with the conclusion to give a deep look, in order to give a proper and solid response. </p>								</div>
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									<p><span style="font-weight: bold; color: #0e172d;">Are bullets and pellets safe with physical agents?</span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="771" height="555" src="https://www.pams.training/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/WhatsApp-Image-2022-12-05-at-08.59.23.jpeg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-1262" alt="Xray dog with pellets" srcset="https://www.pams.training/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/WhatsApp-Image-2022-12-05-at-08.59.23.jpeg 771w, https://www.pams.training/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/WhatsApp-Image-2022-12-05-at-08.59.23-300x216.jpeg 300w, https://www.pams.training/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/WhatsApp-Image-2022-12-05-at-08.59.23-768x553.jpeg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 771px) 100vw, 771px" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">bullets and pellets inside the patient</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="246" height="300" src="https://www.pams.training/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/xray-torace-pellets-246x300.jpeg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1266" alt="" srcset="https://www.pams.training/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/xray-torace-pellets-246x300.jpeg 246w, https://www.pams.training/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/xray-torace-pellets-768x937.jpeg 768w, https://www.pams.training/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/xray-torace-pellets.jpeg 839w" sizes="(max-width: 246px) 100vw, 246px" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="800" height="533" src="https://www.pams.training/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/pellets-caliber.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-1268" alt="" srcset="https://www.pams.training/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/pellets-caliber.jpg 800w, https://www.pams.training/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/pellets-caliber-300x200.jpg 300w, https://www.pams.training/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/pellets-caliber-768x512.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" />															</div>
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									<p>Is more common than you think: hunting is spread all around the world and getting hit by a pellet is one of the most common hunting injuries. Usually, these pellets aren&#8217;t removed, especially when deep in muscle tissue and dozens: pellets are well tolerated by human tissues, remove them makes more damage than the pellets themself.</p>								</div>
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									<ul><li>inside the human body, they become engulfed by the fibrous tissue and persist in the body without any change in their form <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/general-malware-page?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww%2eoatext%2ecom%2Fnatural-history-of-pellets-inside-human-body-a-prospective-observational-study%2ephp" target="_blank" rel="noopener">[1]</a></li><li>without long-term pain, they won&#8217;t be removed <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/general-malware-page?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww%2eoatext%2ecom%2Fnatural-history-of-pellets-inside-human-body-a-prospective-observational-study%2ephp" target="_blank" rel="noopener">[1]</a></li><li>no risk of lead poisoning<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/general-malware-page?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww%2eoatext%2ecom%2Fnatural-history-of-pellets-inside-human-body-a-prospective-observational-study%2ephp" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> [1]</a></li></ul>								</div>
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									<p>Keep in mind: pellets come from shotshells, buckshot shot by hunting rifles and shotguns. Usually are made of LEAD, but someone are made of steel and copper. Is primary know the metal, usually starting from the pellets caliper or context (hunting, crime, war).</p>								</div>
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									<p>Different story with bullets. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullet">bullet </a>is the mobile part of the cartridge, is the kinetic part that leaves the case and hit the target. Handguns, rifle, assault rifle, war rifle use different caliper and kinds of bullets. Usually are mad of <b>LEAD</b>, where we can find:</p>								</div>
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									<ul><li>FMJ: full metal jacket, covered with hard metal as COPPER</li><li><span style="color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-size ); font-style: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-style ); font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); text-transform: var( --e-global-typography-text-text-transform ); background-color: var( --e-global-color-secondary );">Hollow point</span></li><li><span style="color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-size ); font-style: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-style ); font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); text-transform: var( --e-global-typography-text-text-transform ); background-color: var( --e-global-color-secondary );">Soft point</span></li></ul>								</div>
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									<p>To make it simple, there is always some <b>copper </b>around or in the back of the bore, an important aspect to keep in mind.</p>								</div>
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									<p>Usually, a bullet is always removed from the body of the patient, except when is fragmented with pieces closer to vital organs.</p>								</div>
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									<p>This scenario is not so unusual, especially if the patient comes from a region such as the middle est (Palestine, Afghanistan, Iraq) or east Europe (Ex-Yugoslavia, Balcans, Ukraine&#8230;). Personally, I had from boys to adults, coming from ex-war zone, with pieces of bombs, bullets and pellets. In countries like Palestine or even Croatia is a daily scenario face patients with metal inside.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="800" height="450" src="https://www.pams.training/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/bullet-types-1024x576.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-1267" alt="" srcset="https://www.pams.training/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/bullet-types-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://www.pams.training/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/bullet-types-300x169.jpg 300w, https://www.pams.training/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/bullet-types-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.pams.training/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/bullet-types-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://www.pams.training/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/bullet-types.jpg 1920w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="555" height="450" src="https://www.pams.training/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Posterior-anterior-chest-X-ray-Bullet-in-the-right-ventricle.png" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-1269" alt="" srcset="https://www.pams.training/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Posterior-anterior-chest-X-ray-Bullet-in-the-right-ventricle.png 555w, https://www.pams.training/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Posterior-anterior-chest-X-ray-Bullet-in-the-right-ventricle-300x243.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 555px) 100vw, 555px" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">fragmentation, shards or splinters inside the Patient</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Here things become complicated: splinters comes from anti-personnel weapon, bomb, barrel bomb, land mine, IED, artillery, mortar, tank gun, autocannon shell, rocket, missile, grenade, etc. . They are dispersed and/or shattered by the detonation of a primary device (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragmentation_(weaponry)">Wikipedia</a>)</p>								</div>
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									<p><strong>Is pretty hard discover the </strong><b>nature</b><strong>, the </strong><b>material </b><strong>of the splinters, but usually </strong><b>steel, iron, copper</b><strong> and similar alloy, with magnetic or diamagnetic properties.</strong></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="407" src="https://www.pams.training/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Alte_Granatsplitter_-_alte_Fibulafraktur_Roe_ap_und_seitlich-768x407.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-1270" alt="" srcset="https://www.pams.training/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Alte_Granatsplitter_-_alte_Fibulafraktur_Roe_ap_und_seitlich-768x407.jpg 768w, https://www.pams.training/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Alte_Granatsplitter_-_alte_Fibulafraktur_Roe_ap_und_seitlich-300x159.jpg 300w, https://www.pams.training/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Alte_Granatsplitter_-_alte_Fibulafraktur_Roe_ap_und_seitlich-1024x543.jpg 1024w, https://www.pams.training/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Alte_Granatsplitter_-_alte_Fibulafraktur_Roe_ap_und_seitlich.jpg 1116w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" />															</div>
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									<p>Like to me, may happen that the radiologist doesn&#8217;t know the nature of the fragmentation, pretty natural in countries without war experience like Italy and they simply report &#8220;<b>artifacts</b>&#8220;.</p><p>In this picture, a CT scan, you can see the typical artifact created by metal pieces. I&#8217;ve seen until 25pieces in the lumbar back of an ex-soldier coming from Sarajevo, hitten indirectly by artillery ammo (<em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yugoslav_Wars">1991 is not far in history</a>, with all respect to the actual situation in Ukraine, before it, a war in Europe was not so far in time</em>).</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="548" height="280" src="https://www.pams.training/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/1017_EVT_CF7_Fig1.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-1271" alt="" srcset="https://www.pams.training/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/1017_EVT_CF7_Fig1.jpg 548w, https://www.pams.training/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/1017_EVT_CF7_Fig1-300x153.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 548px) 100vw, 548px" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Is Lead magnetic?</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Basically, the atom is paramagnetic but the metal is diamagnetic. Its lower magnetic susceptibility, higher resistance and magnetic permeability of 1, made lead totally indifferent to magnetic fields.</p>								</div>
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									<p><b>And pulsed magnetic field? Change something?</b></p>								</div>
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									<p>Reading &#8220;MRI issues for ballistic objects: information obtained at 1.5-, 3- and 7-Tesla&#8221; (summary <a href="https://www.medpagetoday.com/opinion/ivantoday/44413">here</a>) we can see how between 1 &#8211; 3 tesla, lead and ferromagnetic bullets are basically safe during an MRI.</p>								</div>
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									<p>In rehabilitation, we can use pulsed magnetic field therapy with intensity until 100 or 300 gauss (0,01 and 0,03 Tesla) and frequencies around 1-200Hz. Recently we are seeing the rising of the new devices as &#8220;super inductive field therapy&#8221; with intensity until 3 TESLA, working at frequencies around 1-150Hz. Usually, homecare devices are set with protocols until 8 hours but intensity around 30 gauss with very short rectangular pulses.</p>								</div>
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									<p><b><u>We can simply conclude that magnetic therapy in presence of LEAD pellets and bullets is basically safe.</u></b></p>								</div>
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															<img decoding="async" src="https://www.pams.training/wp-content/uploads/elementor/thumbs/Lead_electrolytic_and_1cm3_cube-pypwgcl4tl87gk3o90wlriago030grj2d6pwvoks8w.jpg" title="Lead_electrolytic_and_1cm3_cube" alt="Lead_electrolytic_and_1cm3_cube" loading="lazy" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">ferromagnetic bullets are safe with magnetic therapy?</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Copper, iron and steel are ferromagnetic. Recent research done on humans seems to prove that even ferromagnetic bullets are safe for MRI in a <b>specific scenario</b>:</p>								</div>
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									<ul><li>bullet in muscle, tendon or bone tissue.</li><li>not inside or closer to vital organs.</li><li>old injury: the bullet is <b>engulfed by fibrous tissue, is stable!</b></li></ul>								</div>
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									<p>So, if the injury isn&#8217;t recent, considering the characteristics of actual devices,<b> magnetic therapy is basically safe</b>. Considering how usually people live a normal life with pellets or splinters within, if the injury is old, also manual manipulation is safe.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Bullets and pellets are safe with other physical agents?</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Basically this structures, can do 2 simples things:</p>								</div>
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									<ul><li>storage heat</li><li>reflect mechanical forces</li><li>work as antennas for electromagnetic fields</li></ul>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="500" height="246" src="https://www.pams.training/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/refelctive-illustration-1.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-1289" alt="" srcset="https://www.pams.training/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/refelctive-illustration-1.png 500w, https://www.pams.training/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/refelctive-illustration-1-300x148.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" />															</div>
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									<p>So, with thinking and in agreement with <a href="https://www.utpjournals.press/doi/full/10.3138/ptc.62.5">Electrophysical Agents in Physiotherapy</a> (Physiotherapy Canada volume 62 number 5), we can assume:</p>								</div>
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									<p><b>Ultrasounds:</b></p><p>Metal reflects about 90% of incident ultrasounds, and is not heated by therapeutical ultrasounds. The stable application requires caution to avoid standing waves or cavitation (page 18).</p>								</div>
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									<p><b>High Power Laser:</b></p><p><b>Thermal should be avoided</b> if the metal is closer to the skin. Metal acts as an accumulator of heat, releasing it through time even after the application.</p><p>Non-thermal application is safe: there is no indication in the literature, and the rationale of physics leads to this conclusion. The paper of reference declares thermal therapy safe over metal implants (page 52).</p>								</div>
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									<p><b>Electrical Stimulation:</b></p><p>The application of every kind of e-stim and current is safe (page 33).</p>								</div>
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									<p><b>Shortwave and Microwave:</b></p><p><b>The thermal application should not be used</b> in the vicinity of the metal: it doesn&#8217;t heat, but could potentially burn soft tissue around as result of interactions of an electromagnetic field with the metal.</p><p>A pulsed application can be applied, not over 5W, but there is no consensus. (page 67).</p>								</div>
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									<p><b>Long Wave Diathermy (TECAR):</b></p><p>This technology is relatively recent, maybe less diffused outside Italy, Spain and other closer countries. Tecar uses a 400-450Khz sin wave, with power until 200-300watts. So is an electric current, with high penetration in the human body and energy. Personally, I suggest:</p>								</div>
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									<ul><li>RESISTIVE MODE: Don&#8217;t with fragmentation along the path of the current. Yes with rounded pellets.</li><li>CAPACITIVE MODE: Yes, also over frags and pellets. </li></ul>								</div>
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									<p>Generally don&#8217;t exceed with heating, work athermal and homeothermic way.</p>								</div>
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									<p><b>Shockwave Therapy:</b></p><p>As ultrasounds, RSWT and FSWT are mechanical therapy, a sound wave with higher speed and force. Keep in mind that metals reflect these waves, spreading energy and precision.</p><p>This is not a contraindication, but at least <b>a counter sense</b>: an RSWT over an area with several pellets, may lead to a reduced effect or null. You even &#8220;risk&#8221; affecting more other areas respecting your target.</p><p>It&#8217;s all linked to how many pellets we have in the area of treatment and their size.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Assessing the Probability of Ferromagnetism in bullet and pellets</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Some indications taken from this <a href="https://mriquestions.com/bullets-and-shrapnel.html#">website</a> about MRI questions:</p>								</div>
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									<ol><li>All bullets and shrapnel acquired in military service or overseas should be considered ferromagnetic unless proven otherwise.</li><li>All BB&#8217;s and pellets should be considered ferromagnetic.</li><li>All shotgun pellets should be considered ferromagnetic, although about half are not. Pellets that distort into multiple irregular (non-rounded) shapes are more likely to be made of lead.</li><li>Bullets from pistols and handguns in the USA virtually never contain steel, as their manufacture and sale (but not possession) has been a federal crime since the attempted assassination of President Reagan in 1986.</li><li>Bullets from domestic handguns implanted more than 25 years ago should be considered ferromagnetic out of extra caution, although the probability is low.</li><li>Armor-piercing steel-jacketed and steel-cored bullets can and are legally sold for use in rifles in the USA and elsewhere. Being so powerful/penetrating they would likely pass straight through a person unless stopped by a large bone. Although the probability is small that a domestic rifle bullet found on screening would be ferromagnetic, it should be assumed to be so out of caution.</li><li>Steel jacketed ammunition represents a large amount of &#8220;non-defense&#8221; ammunition (i.e., that meant for target practice)</li><li>&#8220;Defense&#8221; ammunition, synonymous with a hollow point or expanding ammunition, never contains a steel jacket as it does not aid in projectile expansion and fragmentation</li><li>Some superficially located ferromagnetic pellets and bullets may be positively identified by a hand-held ferromagnetic metal detector; but a negative reading should be considered inconclusive.</li><li>Some investigators have proposed using expanded range dynamic CT or dual-energy CT to determine bullet composition, but to date the results have been variable.</li><li>A final interesting approach has been recently proposed by Fountain et al (2021). The method involves looking at the projectile on x-ray and noting either if it is deformed (in the absence of hitting bone) or has left a debris trail. Either of these features implies a lead or other non-steel composition that is relatively &#8220;soft&#8221;, having been designed to disperse its energy upon impact. If you don&#8217;t see deformity or a debris trail you still may have a lead projectile, but you should probably treat it as though it might be ferromagnetic. I have not personally used this method, but it makes sense.</li></ol>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">References</h2>				</div>
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<li>
<p><a href="https://www.oatext.com/natural-history-of-pellets-inside-human-body-a-prospective-observational-study.php">Natural history of pellets inside human body, a prospective observational study</a> Azher Mushtaq&nbsp;<a href="https://www.oatext.com/pdf/TEC-3-156.pdf"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --e-global-color-1b95cf9 ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-style: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-style ); font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); text-transform: var( --e-global-typography-text-text-transform );">DOI: 10.15761/TEC.1000156</span></a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --e-global-color-1b95cf9 ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-style: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-style ); font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); text-transform: var( --e-global-typography-text-text-transform );">Jim H (2014)&nbsp;Hunting with airguns.&nbsp;</span><em style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --e-global-color-1b95cf9 ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); text-transform: var( --e-global-typography-text-text-transform );">Crosman</em><span style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --e-global-color-1b95cf9 ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-style: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-style ); font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); text-transform: var( --e-global-typography-text-text-transform );">. Retrieved&nbsp;10 December 2014.</span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --e-global-color-1b95cf9 ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-style: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-style ); font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); text-transform: var( --e-global-typography-text-text-transform );">Thoresby FP, Darlow HM (1967) The mechanisms of primary infection of bullet wounds.&nbsp;</span><em style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --e-global-color-1b95cf9 ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); text-transform: var( --e-global-typography-text-text-transform );">Br J Surg</em><span style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --e-global-color-1b95cf9 ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-style: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-style ); font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); text-transform: var( --e-global-typography-text-text-transform );">&nbsp;54: 359-361.</span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Mushtaque M, Mir MF, Bhat M, Parray FQ, Khanday SA, et al. (2012) Pellet gunfire injuries among agitated mobs in Kashmir.&nbsp;<em style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --e-global-color-1b95cf9 ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); text-transform: var( --e-global-typography-text-text-transform );">Turkish Journal of Trauma &amp; Emergency Surgery</em><span style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --e-global-color-1b95cf9 ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-style: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-style ); font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); text-transform: var( --e-global-typography-text-text-transform );">&nbsp;18: 255-259.</span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a style="font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-style: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-style ); font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); text-transform: var( --e-global-typography-text-text-transform );" href="https://www.medpagetoday.com/opinion/ivantoday/44413">Which Bullets Are Safe in an MRI?</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a style="font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-style: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-style ); font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); text-transform: var( --e-global-typography-text-text-transform );" href="https://www.thespinejournalonline.com/article/S1529-9430%2813%2900268-4/fulltext">MRI issues for ballistic objects: information obtained at 1.5-, 3- and 7-Tesla</a>&nbsp;<span style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --e-global-color-1b95cf9 ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-style: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-style ); font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); text-transform: var( --e-global-typography-text-text-transform );">Published: April 05, 2013<br></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullet">Bullet</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragmentation_(weaponry)">Fragmentation_(weaponry)</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yugoslav_Wars">Yugoslav Wars</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://www.utpjournals.press/doi/full/10.3138/ptc.62.5">ELECTROPHYSICAL AGENTS &#8211; Contraindications And Precautions: An Evidence-Based Approach To Clinical Decision Making In Physical Therapy</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://mriquestions.com/bullets-and-shrapnel.html#">Questions and answers in MRI</a></p>
</li>
</ol>								</div>
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		<p>L'articolo <a href="https://www.pams.training/bullets-pellets-contraindications/">Are bullets and pellets safe with physical agents?</a> proviene da <a href="https://www.pams.training">Physical Agents Modalities Trainings</a>.</p>
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